Send your questions about math, physics, or anything else you can think of to:
There's a book! It's a collection of over fifty of my favorite articles, revised and updated. It's interesting. It's good. You should buy it. Click the photo for a link to the amazon page, or this link for the ebook.
Subscribe
Subscribe via Email
Search the Archives
Categories
- — By the Mathematician (52)
- — By the Physicist (451)
- — Guest Author (7)
- April Fools (11)
- Astronomy (75)
- Biology (26)
- Brain Teaser (11)
- Combinatorics (10)
- Computer Science (13)
- Conventions (8)
- Engineering (29)
- Entropy/Information (30)
- Equations (43)
- Evolution (12)
- Experiments (18)
- Geometry (24)
- Logic (11)
- Machine Learning & A.I. (2)
- Math (122)
- Mistake (5)
- Number Theory (12)
- Paranoia (23)
- Particle Physics (42)
- Philosophical (101)
- Physics (292)
- Probability (34)
- Quantum Theory (82)
- Relativity (59)
- Skepticism (20)
- Uncategorized (9)
- Videos (4)
Archives
- March 2021 (1)
- February 2021 (1)
- January 2021 (1)
- December 2020 (1)
- November 2020 (1)
- October 2020 (1)
- September 2020 (1)
- August 2020 (1)
- June 2020 (1)
- May 2020 (1)
- April 2020 (1)
- March 2020 (1)
- February 2020 (1)
- January 2020 (1)
- December 2019 (1)
- November 2019 (1)
- October 2019 (1)
- September 2019 (1)
- August 2019 (1)
- July 2019 (1)
- June 2019 (1)
- May 2019 (1)
- April 2019 (1)
- March 2019 (2)
- February 2019 (1)
- January 2019 (1)
- December 2018 (2)
- November 2018 (1)
- October 2018 (1)
- September 2018 (2)
- August 2018 (1)
- July 2018 (2)
- June 2018 (2)
- May 2018 (4)
- April 2018 (3)
- March 2018 (1)
- February 2018 (1)
- January 2018 (2)
- December 2017 (2)
- November 2017 (4)
- October 2017 (1)
- September 2017 (1)
- August 2017 (2)
- July 2017 (4)
- June 2017 (2)
- May 2017 (1)
- April 2017 (2)
- March 2017 (1)
- February 2017 (1)
- January 2017 (1)
- December 2016 (1)
- November 2016 (3)
- October 2016 (1)
- September 2016 (1)
- August 2016 (1)
- June 2016 (2)
- April 2016 (1)
- February 2016 (2)
- January 2016 (1)
- December 2015 (1)
- November 2015 (1)
- October 2015 (1)
- July 2015 (3)
- June 2015 (1)
- May 2015 (2)
- April 2015 (3)
- March 2015 (2)
- February 2015 (2)
- January 2015 (2)
- December 2014 (1)
- November 2014 (3)
- October 2014 (3)
- September 2014 (1)
- August 2014 (3)
- July 2014 (1)
- June 2014 (2)
- May 2014 (4)
- April 2014 (5)
- March 2014 (1)
- February 2014 (1)
- January 2014 (1)
- December 2013 (4)
- November 2013 (4)
- October 2013 (4)
- September 2013 (4)
- August 2013 (5)
- July 2013 (4)
- June 2013 (4)
- May 2013 (5)
- April 2013 (6)
- March 2013 (4)
- February 2013 (6)
- January 2013 (6)
- December 2012 (7)
- November 2012 (6)
- October 2012 (6)
- September 2012 (6)
- August 2012 (6)
- July 2012 (6)
- June 2012 (6)
- May 2012 (6)
- April 2012 (6)
- March 2012 (6)
- February 2012 (5)
- January 2012 (7)
- December 2011 (9)
- November 2011 (7)
- October 2011 (7)
- September 2011 (5)
- August 2011 (8)
- July 2011 (6)
- June 2011 (6)
- May 2011 (11)
- April 2011 (9)
- March 2011 (6)
- February 2011 (7)
- January 2011 (7)
- December 2010 (6)
- November 2010 (9)
- October 2010 (7)
- September 2010 (7)
- August 2010 (11)
- July 2010 (7)
- June 2010 (7)
- May 2010 (11)
- April 2010 (10)
- March 2010 (12)
- February 2010 (11)
- January 2010 (16)
- December 2009 (12)
- November 2009 (15)
- October 2009 (10)
-
Recent
- Q: How is matter created? Can we create new matter and would that be useful?
- Q: Is it possible to create an “almanac” of human behavior that predicts everything a person will do?
- Q: How hot can a greenhouse get?
- Q: Is π the same in every universe?
- Q: If the universe gets split in the Many Worlds Interpretation, then why aren’t all probabilities 50/50? Does stuff get spread thinner and thinner with each split?
- Q: Asteroid mining. Why?
- Q: Is getting plasma really hot the only way to initiate fusion?
- Q: How likely is it that there’s dark matter in me right now?
- Q: How big is the universe? What happens at the “edge”?
- Q: What if the particles in the double slit experiment were conscious? Could you ask them which slit they went through afterwards?
- A Quantum Computation Course 4: Full Measure
- A Quantum Computation Course 3: Rise of the Quanta
- A Quantum Computation Course 2: Quantum Harder
- A Quantum Computation Course
- Q: Is silicon life possible? Why all the fuss over carbon-based life?
- Q: Why are the laws of quantum mechanics so strange? Does it mean that we’re missing something?
- Q: What is quantum supremacy? Is it awesome or worrisome?
- Q: Do we actually live in a computer simulation?
- Q: Half-life?
- Q: What’s the point of going to the Moon?
- Q: How hard is it to build a space elevator? What’s the point?
- Q: Could we get rid of CO2 if we pumped it through a pipe into space?
- Q: Why was it so hard to take a picture of a black hole? What are we even looking at?
- Q: Will time travel ever be invented?
- Q: Why is a negative times a negative positive?
- Q: In relativity, length contracts at high speeds. But what’s contracting? Is it distance or space or is there even a difference?
- Q: Can you beat the uncertainty principle using entanglement, by measuring position on one particle and momentum on the other?
- Q: Why do clouds hold their form?
- An origin story
- Q: Can free will exist in our deterministic universe?
- Q: What is the “monogamy of entanglement”?
- Q: Could dark matter actually be the “gravitational shadow” of parallel universes?
- Burning Man’s Mathematical Underbelly
- Q: How was the number π first discovered? How did we first figure out it was 3.14…?
- Q: Given two points on the globe, how do you figure out the direction and distance to each other?
- Q: Is it possible to eat all of the ice cream in a bowl?
- Q: Could the “proton torpedoes” in Star Wars be a thing?
- Q: Why does gravity pull things toward the center of mass? What’s so special about the center of mass?
- Q: In relativity, how do you define “the observer”?
- Story Collider
- For the first time ever, you can buy a book! Again!
- Q: What is the most complicated equation?
- Q: What is quantum immortality?
- Q: If you double your bet every time you lose, won’t you eventually win and come out ahead?
- Q: Will we ever discover a completely new color?
- Q: With entangled particles, can you tell when/how the other particle is measured?
- Q: How hard would it be to keep the Moon from drifting away?
- For the first time ever, you can buy a book!
- Q: Where is all the anti-matter?
- Q: Is it possible to write a big number using a small number? Is there a limit to how much information can be compressed?
- Q: Is reactionless propulsion possible?
- Q: How can I set up a random gift exchange that’s different from year to year?
- Q: How does “1+2+3+4+5+… = -1/12” make any sense?
- There’s something new under the Sun!
- Q: Is it more efficient to keep keep a swimming pool warm or let it get cold and heat it up again?
- Q: What determines the size of the bright spot when you focus sunlight with a lens?
- Q: Why are numerical methods necessary? If we can’t get exact solutions, then how do we know when our approximate solutions are any good?
- Burning Man 2017
- Q: How can something be “proven” in science or math?
- Q: If time is relative, then how can we talk about how old the universe is?
- Q: How can carbon dating work on things that were never alive?
- Teleportation! In space!
- Q: If the world is a giant magnet, how come we can’t build a repelling magnet that can float?
- Q: How can something have different amounts of energy from different points of view?
- Q: Where is the middle of nowhere?
- Q: If light is a wave, then what’s doing the waving?
- Q: If you’ve got different amounts of debt in different accounts with different interest rates, how should you pay them down?
- Q: Should we be worried about artificial intelligence? By “we” I mean humans.
- Q: Why haven’t we been able to see the spectra of anti-hydrogen until recently? Why is it so hard to study anti-matter?
- Q: Does quantum mechanics really say there are other “mes”? Where are they?
- Q: In base ten 1=0.999…, but what about in other bases? What about in base 1?
- Q: How many samples do you need to take to know how big a set is?
- Q: Does anti-matter really move backward through time?
- Q: How do we know that everyone has a common anecestor? How do we know that someone alive today will someday be a common ancestor to everyone?
- Q: Are some colors of light impossible? Can any color of light be made?
- Proxima B!
- Q: Is there anything unique about our solar system?
- Q: What is dark energy?
- Q: What are “actual pictures” of atoms actually pictures of?
- Q: If you were shrunk to microscopic size would you be able to see normally? Would you be able to see microscopic things?
- Q: How does one attain an understanding of everything?
- Q: Can planes (sheets) be tied in knots in higher dimensions the way lines (strings) can be tied in knots in 3 dimensions?
- Gravity Waves!
- Q: Is it possible to parachute to Earth from orbit?
- Q: Why can’t we see the lunar landers from the Apollo missions with the Hubble (or any other) telescope?
- Q: How bad would it be if we accidentally made a black hole?
- Q: What if gravity acted like magnetism?
- Q: When you write a fraction with a prime denominator in decimal form it repeats every p-1 digits. Why?
- Pluto!
- Q: If atoms are 99.99% space, what “kind” of space is it? Is it empty vacuum?
- Q: Is geocentrism really so wrong? Is the Sun being at the “center” (i.e. the Earth orbiting the Sun) just an arbitrary reference frame decision, and no more true than the Earth being at the center?
- Q: Is there such a thing as half a derivative?
- Q: Why is our Moon drifting away while Mars’ moons are falling?
- Q: Why do we (people) wave our arms when we fall? Is it for attention?
- Q: What is the state of matter in deep space?
- Q: Is there a scientific conspiracy?
- Q: After the heat death of the universe will anything ever happen again?
- Q: Why does kinetic energy increase as velocity squared?
- Q: Quaternions and Octonions: what?
- Q: Since the Earth is spinning and orbiting and whatnot, are we experiencing time wrong because of time dilation?
- Q: How do I know my windmill is on straight?
- Q: If all matter originated from a single point, does that mean all matter is entangled?
- Q: How good is the Enigma code system compared to today’s publicly available cryptography systems?
- Q: When “drawing straws” is it better to be first or last?
- Q: What would happen if there was a giant straw connecting the Earth’s atmosphere right above the ground to space?
- Q: Can a human being survive in the fourth dimension?
- Q: Why radians?
- Q: If the Sun pulls things directly toward it, then why does everything move in circles around it?
- Q: Why is the area of a circle equal to πR2?
- 0.999… revisited
- Q: Before you open the box, isn’t Schrödinger’s cat alive or dead, not alive and dead?
- Q: How many times do you need to roll dice before you know they’re loaded?
- Q: Since it involves limits, is calculus always an approximation?
- Q: How does Earth’s magnetic field protect us?
- Q: If a long hot streak is less likely than a short hot streak, then doesn’t that mean that the chance of success drops the more successes there are?
- Q: Where do the rules for “significant figures” come from?
- Q: If time slows down when you travel at high speeds, then couldn’t you travel across the galaxy within your lifetime by just accelerating continuously?
- Q: When something falls on your foot, how much force is involved?
- Q: If nothing can escape a black hole’s gravity, then how does the gravity itself escape?
- Q: Is there a formula for finding primes? Do primes follow a pattern?
- Q: If the number of ancestors you have doubles with each generation going back, you quickly get to a number bigger than the population of Earth. Does that mean we’re all a little inbred?
- Q: Why are many galaxies, our solar system, and Saturn’s rings all flat?
- Q: How do you define the derivatives of the Heaviside, Sign, Absolute Value, and Delta functions? How do they relate to one another?
- Q: What does “E=mc2” mean?
- Q: Is it possible to have a completely original thought?
- Q: How can the universe expand faster than the speed of light?
- Q: How fast are we moving through space? Has anyone calculated it?
- Q: If you flip a coin forever, are you guaranteed to eventually flip an equal number of heads and tails?
- Q: What is radioactivity and why is it sometimes dangerous?
- Q: How do we know that π never repeats? If we find enough digits, isn’t it possible that it will eventually start repeating?
- Q: Why does carbon dating detect when things were alive? How are the atoms in living things any different from the atoms in dead things?
- Q: What role does Dark Matter play in the behavior of things inside the solar system?
- Q: Are some number patterns more or less likely? Are some betting schemes better than others?
- Q: Why does iron kill stars?
- Q: According to relativity, things get more massive the faster they move. If something were moving fast enough, would it become a black hole?
- Q: How do we know that atomic clocks are accurate?
- Q: “i” had to be made up to solve the square root of negative one. But doesn’t something new need to be made up for the square root of i?
- Q: Could the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon be used to generate power directly?
- Q: What would it be like if another planet just barely missed colliding with the Earth?
- Q: What are “delayed choice experiments”? Can “wave function collapse” be used to send information?
- Q: Why can some creatures walk on water yet I (a human) can’t?
- Q: What fair dice can be simulated by adding up other dice?
- Q: How do I encrypt/hide/protect my email?
- Q: Where do the weird rules for rational numbers come from? (Dealing with fractions)
- Dragon*Con 2013
- Q: Why doesn’t the air “sit still” while the Earth turns under it?
- Q: Can resonance be used to destroy anything? Is the “brown note” possible?
- Q: Are there examples of quantum mechanics that can be seen in every-day life, or do they only show up in the lab?
- Q: Why does it take thousands of years for light to escape the Sun?
- Q: What does it mean for light to be stopped or stored?
- Q: What are quasi-particles? Why do phonons and photons have such similar names?
- The nuptial effect
- Q: How do you prove that the spacetime interval is always the same?
- Q: Are numbers real?
- Q: If time were reversed would things fall up?
- Q: Why don’t “cheats” ever work on the uncertainty principle? What’s uncertain in the uncertainty principle?
- Q: Do the past and future exist? If they do, is the future determined and what does that mean for quantum randomness?
- Basic math with infinity
- Q: What is the Planck length? What is its relevance?
- Q: What causes friction? (and some other friction questions)
- Q: Is fire a plasma? What is plasma?
- Q: Why are determinants defined the weird way they are?
- Q: Are white holes real?
- Q: If a photon doesn’t experience time, then how can it travel?
- Q: What is energy? What is “pure energy” like?
- Q: Why is Schrodinger’s cat both dead and alive? Is this not a paradox?
- Q: What kind of telescope would be needed to see a person on a planet in a different solar system?
- Q: Is Murphy’s law real?
- Q: Why doesn’t life and evolution violate the second law of thermodynamics? Don’t living things reverse entropy?
- Q: Does quantum mechanics really say that there’s some probability that objects will suddenly start moving or that things can suddenly “shift” to the other side of the universe?
- Q: Using modern technology, are we any closer to turning lead into gold than alchemists were hundreds of years ago?
- Q: How do you turn/change directions in space?
- Q: If a man hangs on an un-insulated wire using both his hands what will happen and why?
- Learning intro number theory
- Q: Is the Alcubierre warp drive really possible? How close are we to actually building one and going faster than light?
- Q: Is darkness a wave the way light is a wave? What is the speed of dark?
- Q: Is it a coincidence that a circles circumference is the derivative of its area, as well as the volume of a sphere being the antiderivative of its surface area? What is the explanation for this?
- Q: If hot air rises, why is it generally colder at higher elevations?
- Q: What is quantum teleportation? Why can’t we use it to communicate faster than light?
- Q: Since all particles display wave-like characteristics, does that imply that one could use destructive wave interference to destroy or at least drastically change a particle?
- Q: How does the Oberth Effect work, and where does the extra energy come from? Why is it better for a rocket to fire at the lowest point in its orbit?
- Q: How do lenses that concentrate light not violate the second law of thermodynamics? If you use a magnifying glass to burn ants, aren’t you making a point hotter than the ambient temperature without losing energy?
- Q: What makes natural logarithms natural? What’s so special about the number e?
- Q: If the world were to stop spinning, would the people and everything on it be considered ‘lighter’ or ‘heavier’? Would any change take place? And does centrifugal force have an effect on gravity?
- Q: Two entangled particles approach a black hole, one falls in and the other escapes. Do they remain entangled? What about after the black hole evaporates?
- Q: If there are 10 dimensions, then why don’t we notice them?
- Q: Will the world end tomorrow?
- Q: In an infinite universe, does everything that’s possible have to happen somewhere?
- Q: Which of Earth’s life forms could survive on each planet of the Solar System?
- Q: What are fractional dimensions? Can space have a fractional dimension?
- Q: Are shadows 2-dimensional? Are there any real examples of 2-dimensional things in the universe?
- Q: Is it possible to experience different rates of time? If time were to speed up, slow down, or stop, what would you experience?
- Q: How many theorems are there?
- Q: How much of a direct effect do planets and stars have on us? Is astrology reasonable or plausable?
- Q: Why are scientists looking for life in space by looking for water? How can they be sure that all life uses water?
- Q: If energy is neither created nor destroyed, what happens to the energy within our bodies and brains when we die?
- Q: Could Kurt Vonnegut’s “Ice-9 catastrophe” happen?
- Q: How accurately do we need to know π? Is there a reason to know it out to billions of digits?
- My bad: If fusion in the Sun suddenly stopped, what would happen?
- Q: If fusion in the Sun suddenly stopped, what would happen?
- Q: Does opening a refrigerator cool down the room?
- Q: What is the probability of an outcome after it’s already happened?
- Q: How do you answer a question scientifically?
- Q: Why are the days still longer than nights, until a few days after the fall equinox?
- Q: What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?
- Q: What are singularities? Do they exist in nature?
- Q: Is it likely that there are atoms in my body that have traveled from the other side of the planet, solar system, galaxy, or universe?
- Q: Is there a number set that is “above” complex numbers?
- Q: Are the brain and consciousness quantum mechanical in nature?
- Q: How are voltage and current related to battery life? What is the difference between batteries with the same voltage, but different shapes or sizes? What about capacitors?
- Q: What are virtual particles?
- Q: Would it be possible to create an antimatter weapon by “harvesting” enough antimatter, containing it in an electro-magnetic field and placing that in a projectile?
- Q: If Earth was flat, would there be a horizon? If so, what would it look like? If the Earth was flat and had infinite area, would that change the answer?
- Q: Is there an experiment which could provide conclusive evidence for either the Many Worlds or Copenhagen interpretations of quantum physics?
- Q: If you could drill a tunnel through the whole planet and then jumped down this tunnel, how would you fall?
- Q: How many people riding bicycle generators would be needed, in an 8-hour working day, to equal or surpass the energy generated by an average nuclear power plant?
- Q: Why is hitting water from a great height like hitting concrete?
- Q: How does instantaneous communication violate causality?
- Q: What is the “False Vacuum” and are we living in it?
- Q: How would the universe be different if π = 3?
- Q: Is it possible for an artificial black hole to be created, or something that has the same effects? If so, how small could it be made?
- Q: Do colors exist?
- Q: How can we see the early universe and the Big Bang? Shouldn’t the light have already passed us?
- Q: Are beautiful, elegant or simple equations more likely to be true?
- Q: If quantum mechanics says everything is random, then how can it also be the most accurate theory ever?
- Q: Why do wet stones look darker, more colorful, and polished?
- Q: What would the universe be like with additional temporal dimensions?
- The 2012 Venus transit
- Q: Why haven’t we discovered Earth-like planets yet?
- Q: Is quantum randomness ever large enough to be noticed?
- Q: How is radiometric dating reliable? Why is it that one random thing is unpredictable, but many random things together are predictable?
- Q: Is the final step in evolution an ascension into an energy-based lifeform?
- Q: What would life be like in higher dimensions?
- Q: How much does fire weigh?
- Q: Since the real-world does all kinds of crazy calculations in no time, can we use physics to calculate stuff?
- Q: Is there some way to actually play quidditch?
- Q: Can you poke something that’s far away with a stick faster than it would take light to get there?
- Q: Does how you deal cards affect how random they are?
- Q: Will CERN awaken the Elder Gods?
- Q: The information contained in a big system isn’t the same as the amount of information in its parts. Why?
- Q: Is the quantum zeno effect a real thing?
- π day!
- Q: Is there an intuitive proof for the chain rule?
- Q: How do you write algorithms to enycrypt things?
- Q: Satellites experience less time because they’re moving fast, but more time because they’re so high. Is there an orbit where the effects cancel out? Is that useful?
- Q: Is it possible to objectively quantify the amount of information a sentence contains?
- Q: What would happen if a black hole passed through our solar system?
- Q: If you are talking to a distant alien, how would you tell them which way is left and which way is right?
- Q: Would it be possible in the distant future to directly convert matter into energy?
- Q: What’s the difference between anti-matter and negative-matter?
- Q: Why does gravity make some things orbit and some things fall?
- Q: Do you need faith to believe in science?
- Q: What keeps spinning tops upright?
- Q: Do time and distance exist in a completely empty universe?
- Q: Why is it that photographs of wire mesh things, like window screens and grates, have waves in them?
- Q: How does quantum physics affect electron configurations and spectral lines?
- Q: Is it possible for an atomic orbital to exist beyond the s, p, f and d orbitals they taught about in school? Like could there be a (other letter) orbital beyond that?
- Q: Will the world end in 2012?
- Q: How do you find the height of a rocket using trigonometry?
- Q: What are chaos and chaos theory? How can you talk about chaos?
- Q: What is the Riemann Hypothesis? Why is it so important?
- Q: Why does the entropy of the universe always increase, and what is the heat death of the universe?
- Q: Could God have existed forever? Is it actually feasibly possibly for some ‘being’ to have just existed, infinitely?
- Q: How can wormholes be used for time travel?
- Q: If gravity suddenly increased would airplanes fall out of the sky, or would it compress the air in such a way that airplanes could keep flying?
- Entanglement omnibus!
- Q: How are imaginary exponents defined?
- Q: Why do nuclear weapons cause EMPs (electromagnetic pulses)?
- Q: How does the expansion of space affect the things that inhabit that space? Are atoms, people, stars, and everything else getting bigger too?
- Q: What would Earth be like if it didn’t turn?
- Q: According to the Many Worlds Interpretation, every event creates new universes. Where does the energy and matter for the new universes come from?
- Q: Can wind chill make things “feel” colder than absolute zero?
- Q: What is “spin” in particle physics? Why is it different from just ordinary rotation?
- Q: What is Bayes’ rule and how do I use it to improve my life?
- Q: Are there universal truths?
- Q: What’s the difference between black holes and worm holes? Could black holes take you to other universes?
- Q: Is there an equation that determines whether a question gets answered on ask a mathematician/physicist?
- Q: If you could hear through space as though it were filled with air, what would you hear?
- Q: What is the three body problem?
- Q: How are fractals made?
- Q: CERN’s faster than light neutrino thing: WTF?
- Q: What’s the point of purely theoretical research?
- Q: Why does lightning flash, but thunder rolls?
- Q: Hyperspace, warp drives, and faster than light travel: why not?
- Burning Man 2011
- Q: If light slows down in different materials, then how can it be a universal speed?
- Q: What is mass?
- Q: How much of physics can be deduced from previous equations/axioms?
- Q: If God were all-seeing and all-knowing, the double-slit experiment wouldn’t work, would it? Wouldn’t God’s observation of the location of the photon collapse its probability wave function?
- Q: How do those “executive ball clicker” things work?
- Q: Why is cold fusion so difficult?
- Q: Why does light choose the “path of least time”?
- Q: Does light experience time?
- Q: Would it be possible for humans to terraform mars?
- Q: Can light be used to transfer energy instead of power lines?
- Particle physics, neutrinos, and chirality too!
- Q: What are integral transforms and how do they work?
- Q: How does reflection work?
- Q: What does a measurement in quantum mechanics do?
- Q: If you stood in the beam of a particle accelerator, what would happen?
- Q: What exactly is the vacuum catastrophe and what effects does this have upon our understanding of the universe?
- Q: What is a “measurement” in quantum mechanics?
- Q: How close is Jupiter to being a star? What would happen to us if it were?
- Q: Can you fix the “1/0 problem” by defining 1/0 as a new number?
- Q: How can we have any idea what a 4D hypercube or any n-D object “looks like”? What is the process of developing a picture of a higher dimensional object?
- Q: Is it possible to destroy a black hole?
- Q: Why does the Earth orbit the Sun?
- Q: If you suddenly replaced all the water drops in a rainbow with same-sized spheres of polished diamond, what would happen to the rainbow? How do you calculate the size of a rainbow?
- Q: If we meet aliens, will they have the same math and physics that we do?
- Q: Is 0.9999… repeating really equal to 1?
- Q: What would Earth be like to us if it were a cube instead of spherical? Is this even possible?
- Q: How do velocities add? If I’m riding a beam of light and I throw a ball, why doesn’t the ball go faster than light?
- Q: What is the universe expanding into? What’s outside the universe?
- Cheap experiments and demonstrations for kids.
- Q: How do I estimate the probability that God exists?
- Q: How do you calculate 6/2(1+2) or 48/2(9+3)? What’s the deal with this orders of operation business?
- Q: Is there a single equation that proves black holes are real?
- Q: Is the edge of a circle with an infinite radius curved or straight?
- Q: As a consequence of relativity, objects becomes more massive when they’re moving fast. What is it about matter that causes that to happen?
- Q: What is the evidence for the Big Bang?
- Q: Is there a formula to find the Nth term in the Fibonacci sequence?
- Q: Why is the integral/antiderivative the area under a function?
- Thank you!
- Mathematical proof of the existence of God.
- Video: Getting Computers to Learn
- Q: What is going on in a nuclear reactor, and what happens during a meltdown?
- Q: How do I find the love of my life? (a Mathematician’s perspective)
- Q: Are all atoms radioactive?
- Q: How do you talk about the size of infinity? How can one infinity be bigger than another?
- Q: Why does E=MC2 ?
- Q: What are the equations of electromagnetism? What all do they describe to us?
- Q: What is the entropy of nothing?
- Q: How can quantum computers break encryption?
- Q: How does quantum computing work?
- Q: What causes buoyancy?
- My bad: If atoms are mostly made up of empty space, why do things feel solid?
- Q: How many mathematicians/physicists does it take to screw in a light bulb?
- Q: Why is it that (if you exclude 2 & 3) the difference between the squares of any two prime numbers is divisible by 12?
- Q: Why does relativistic length contraction (Lorentz contraction) happen?
- Q: Why does Lorentz contraction only act in the direction of motion?
- Q: If atoms are mostly made up of empty space, why do things feel solid?
- Q: Can we build a planet?
- Q: π = 4?
- Q: How does a scientist turn ideas into math?
- Q: Is Santa real?
- Q: Why isn’t the shortest day of the year also the day with the earliest sunset?
- Q: Why does “curved space-time” cause gravity?: A better answer.
- Q: According to relativity, two moving observers always see the other moving through time slower. Isn’t that a contradiction? Doesn’t one have to be faster?
- Q: What does 0^0 (zero raised to the zeroth power) equal? Why do mathematicians and high school teachers disagree?
- Q: Can you do the double slit experiment with a cat cannon?
- Q: How is the “Weak nuclear force” a force? What does it do?
- Q: Does Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem imply that it’s impossible to be logical?
- Q: If accelerating charges radiate, and everything is full of charges, then why don’t I radiate every time I move?
- Q: If you zoom in far enough, what do particles look like?
- Q: What would you experience if you were going the speed of light?
- Q: Why is pi not a definite number?
- Q: What came before the big bang?
- Q: How do “Numerology Math Tricks” work? (adding digits and tricks with nines)
- Q: What is a magnetic field?
- Q: What is the probability that two randomly chosen people will have been born on the same day?
- Q: Which is a better approach to quantum mechanics: Copenhagen or Many Worlds?
- Q: Why is our vision blurred underwater?
- Q: In the NEC “faster than light” experiment, did they really make something go faster than light?
- Q: How does a Tesla coil work?
- Q: What are Feynman diagrams, how are they used (theoretically & practically), and are there alternative/competing diagrams to Feynman’s?
- Q: Does the 2nd law of thermodynamics imply that everything must eventually die, regardless of the ultimate fate of the universe?
- Q: What is The Golden Ratio? How is it used in Mathematics?
- Q: Why can’t you have an atom made entirely out of neutrons?
- Q: What is the physical meaning of “symmetries”? Why is there one-to-one correspondence between laws of conservation and symmetries? Why is it important that there is such correspondence?
- Q: Why does energy have to be positive (and real)?
- Q: How does the Twin Paradox work?
- Q: How can photons have energy and momentum, but no mass?
- Q: If you were on the inside of the Sun falling in, the matter closer to the surface doesn’t affect your acceleration, but the matter closer to the core does. Why is that?
- Q: How do surge protectors work?
- Relativity and Quantum Mechanics: the elevator pitch
- Q: Why are orbits elliptical? Why is the Sun in one focus, and what’s in the other?
- Q: What would happen if everyone in the world jumped at the same time?
- Q: How can electrons “jump” between places without covering the intervening distance?
- Q: Why do we only see one rainbow at a time?
- Q: Why does putting spin on a ball change how it moves through the air?
- Quantum mech, choices, and time travel too!
- Q: Why is the speed of light finite?
- Q: Why is the speed of light the fastest speed? Why is light so special?
- Q: Will we ever overcome the Heisenberg uncertainty principle?
- Q: If gravity is the reaction matter has on space, in that it warps space, why do physicist’s look for a gravity particle? Wouldn’t gravity be just a bi-product of what matter does to space?
- Q: Is it possible to beat the laws of physics?
- Q: What’s the chance of getting a run of K or more successes (heads) in a row in N Bernoulli trials (coin flips)? Why use approximations when the exact answer is known?
- Q: Aren’t physicists just doing experiments to confirm their theories? Couldn’t they “prove” anything they want?
- Q: What’s up with that “bowling ball creates a dip in a sheet” analogy of spacetime? Isn’t it gravity that makes the dip in the first place?
- Q: If we find a “Theory of Everything” will we be done?
- Q: Is it possible to say if the Earth is moving or sitting still without going into space?
- Q: Will there always be things that will not or cannot be known?
- Q: If you could see through the Earth, how big would Australia look from the other side?
- Q: How is it that Bell’s Theorem proves that there are no “hidden variables” in quantum mechanics? How do we know that God really does play dice with the universe?
- Q: Does an electric field have mass? Does it take energy to move an electric field?
- Q: What would the consequenses for our universe be if the speed of light was only about one hundred miles per hour?
- Q: Do virtual particles violate the laws that energy can be created or destroyed? Have virtual particles ever been observed? In any other instance can energy ever be destroyed or created?
- Video: How do we know that 1+1=2? A journey into the foundations of math.
- Q: Would it be possible to generate power from artificial lightning?
- Q: What is the optimum spectrum to visualize things with? Theoretically, which type of vision would be the best to see things with?
- Q: What causes iron, nickel, and cobalt to be attracted to magnets, but not other metals?
- Q: Is it possible to fill a black hole? If you were to continuously throw galaxies worth of matter into a black hole, would it ever fill up? And what would theoretically happen if all the matter in the universe was thrown into a single black hole?
- Q: Can math and science make you better at gambling?
- Q: Spectroscopy?
- Q: Is it possible to breach the center of a nebula?
- Q: How does a gravitational sling shot actually speed things up?
- Q: If energy is quantized, what is the least amount of energy possible? And how did they measure it?
- Q: How did Lord Kelvin come up with the absolute temperature? I mean, how could he say surely that it was 273.15 C below zero?
- Q: What do complex numbers really mean or represent?
- Q: Is it odd that the universe’s constants are all so perfectly conducive to life?
- Q: How/when will the world end?
- Q: What would happen if an unstoppable force met with an unmovable, impenetrable object?
- My bad: Have aliens ever visited Earth?
- Q: How do Bell pairs (entangled particles) behave experimentally?
- Video: What your Spiritual Guru Never Told you about Quantum Mechanics
- Q: How big does an object have to be to gravitationally attract a Human or have a molten core?
- Video: The Scientific Investigation of Aliens – Evidence Examined
- Q: How do I count the number of ways of picking/choosing/taking k items from a list/group/set of n items when order does/doesn’t matter?
- Q: Who would win in a fight: Gödel or Feynman?
- Q: How hard would it be to make a list of products of primes that could beat public key encryption?
- Q: What are complex numbers used for?
- Q: Can one truly create something from nothing? If matter formed from energy (as in the Big Bang expansion), where did the energy come from?
- Q: Why does wind make you colder, but re-entry makes you hotter?
- Q: Are explosions more or less powerful in space?
- Q: What is infinity? (A brief introduction to infinite sets, infinite limits, and infinite numbers)
- Q: Are there physical limits in the universe other than the speed of light?
- Q: Is it of any coincidence that mathematics is able to describe physical reality – given that both are inventions of the human mind?
- Q: If you were to break down an average human body into its individual atoms, and then laid the atoms out in a single straight line, how far would it stretch?
- Q: What’s it like when you travel at the speed of light?
- Q: Is there a real life example where two negatives make a positive?
- Q: Do the “laws” of physics and math exist? If so, where? Are they discovered or invented/created by humans?
- Q: Do we have free will?
- Q: How did mathematicians calculate trig functions and numbers like pi before calculators?
- Q: How can planes fly upside-down?
- Q: A flurry of blackhole questions!
- Q: Why does going fast or being lower make time slow down?
- Q: What’s so special about the Gaussian distribution (i.e. the normal distribution / bell curve)??
- Q: Is the universe infinitely old?
- Q: Have aliens ever visited Earth?
- Q: Why is the sky blue?
- Q: Is there a formula for how much water will splash, most importantly how high, and in what direction from the toilet bowl when you *ehem* take a dump in it ?
- Q: What is the meaning of the term “random”? Can thinking affect the future?
- Q: Is it possible to choose an item from an infinite set of items such that each one has an equal chance of being selected?
- Q: Do aliens exist?
- Q: Is it true that all matter is simply condensed energy?
- Q: Which is better: Math or Physics?
- Q: Why is the number 1 not considered a prime number?
- Q: If the universe is expanding and all the galaxies are moving away from one another, how is it possible for galaxies to collide?
- Q: What happens when you fall into a blackhole?
- Q: Is the total complexity of the universe growing, shrinking or staying the same?
- Q: If two trains move towards each other at certain velocities, and a fly flies between them at a certain constant speed, how much distance will the fly cover before they crash?
- Q: Why does oxygen necessarily indicate the presence of life?
- Q: What’s the relationship between entropy in the information-theory sense and the thermodynamics sense?
- Q: Would it be possible to kill ALL of Earth’s life with nuclear bombs?
- Q: Will black holes ever release their energy and will we be able to tell what had gone into them?
- Q: What are the Intersecting Chord and Power of a Point Theorems?
- Q: How far away is the edge of the universe?
- Q: Why do superconductors have to be cold?
- Q: Why does the leading digit 1 appear more often than other digits in all sorts of numbers? What’s the deal with Benford’s Law?
- Q: How does the Monty Hall Problem work?
- Q: How/Why are Quantum Mechanics and Relativity incompatible?
- Q: What the heck are imaginary numbers, how are they useful, and do they really exist?
- Q: What’s that third hole in electrical outlets for?
- Q: Do physicists really believe in true randomness?
- Q: Could a simple cup of coffee be heated by a hand held device designed to not only mix but heat the water through friction, and is that more efficient than heating on a stove and then mixing?
- Q: What did Einstein mean by: “Do not worry about your difficulties in Mathematics. I can assure you mine are still greater.”
- Q: Why does saliva boil in the vacuum of space?
- Q: Can things really be in two places at the same time?
- Q: Why do weird things happen so much?
- Q: Why?
- Q: Will CERN create a black hole?
- Q: What’s the highest population growth rate that the Earth can support?
- Q: What is time?
- Q: What is “Dark Matter”?
- Q: Why do heavy objects bend space and what is it they are bending?
- Q: Why does math work so well at modeling the world around us?
- Q: Why is it that when you multiply a positive number with a negative number you get a negative number?
- Q: What is the best way to understand relativity theory? Why is it so counter intuitive?
- Q: Will we ever go faster than light?
- Q: If you were on a space station, would you be able to tell the difference between centrifugal force and normal gravity?
- Q: Is teleportation possible?
- Q: If black holes are “rips” in the fabric of our universe, does it mean they lead to other universes? If so, then did time begin in that universe at the inception of the black hole? Could we be in a black hole?
- Q: Since pi is infinite, do its digits contain all finite sequences of numbers?
- Q: What is the connection between quantum physics and consciousness?
- Q: What is the probability that in a group of 31 people, none of them have birthdays in February or August?
- Q: What is the meaning of life?
- Q: Why is e to the i pi equal to -1?
- Q: How does a refrigerator work?
- Q: How do I find the love of my life?
- Q: Why does “curved space-time” cause gravity?
- Q: What is monotony?
- Q: How do we know if science is right?
- Q: How plausible is it that the laws of physics may actually function differently in other parts of the universe?
- Q: Are there an infinite number of prime numbers?
- Q: How can we prove that 2+2 always equals 4?
Category Archives: — By the Mathematician
Q: What’s the chance of getting a run of K or more successes (heads) in a row in N Bernoulli trials (coin flips)? Why use approximations when the exact answer is known?
The original question was: Recently I’ve come across a task to calculate the probability that a run of at least K successes occurs in a series of N (K≤N) Bernoulli trials (weighted coin flips), i.e. “what’s the probability that in … Continue reading
Q: Will there always be things that will not or cannot be known?
Mathematician: Unfortunately, limits to knowledge seem to be built into the nature of the universe, and even into logic itself. Relativity: Einstein’s theory of special relativity implies that no information can travel faster than the speed of light. That means … Continue reading
Posted in -- By the Mathematician, Math, Philosophical, Quantum Theory, Relativity
6 Comments
Video: How do we know that 1+1=2? A journey into the foundations of math.
AskAMathematician.com presents a lecture on the foundations of math and whether we really can know that one plus one equals two. How was math invented? Where does mathematics come from? Are the axioms of math provable? Is math true? Can … Continue reading
Posted in -- By the Mathematician, Videos
Tagged 1+1, Axioms, Foundations, Godel, Incompleteness, Logic, Math, Mathematics, Proof, Provable, Prove, Truth
18 Comments
Q: Can math and science make you better at gambling?
Physicist: Yes. Don’t gamble (mathematically speaking). Mathematician: Gambling (at casinos, in lotteries, and in most other instances) is expected value negative, even when you play optimally. That means that the average amount of money you will make per play is … Continue reading
Q: What do complex numbers really mean or represent?
Physicist: Nothing really. Complex numbers are very useful for streamlining a lot of different types of math, generalizing ideas, and “closing” the real numbers. In quantum theory you’ll find that on the most fundamental level the universe seems to prefer … Continue reading
